Abbreviated LHC (Large Hadron Collider, abbreviated as LHC) is an accelerator of charged particles using colliding beams, designed to accelerate protons and heavy ions (lead ions) and study the products of their collisions. The collider was built at CERN (European Council for Nuclear Research), located near Geneva, on the border of Switzerland and France. The LHC is the largest experimental facility in the world. More than 10 thousand scientists and engineers from more than 100 countries participated and are participating in construction and research.
It is named large because of its size: the length of the main accelerator ring is 26,659 m; hadronic - due to the fact that it accelerates hadrons, that is, heavy particles consisting of quarks; collider (eng. collider - collider) - due to the fact that particle beams are accelerated in opposite directions and collide at special collision points.
BAK Specifications
The accelerator is supposed to collide protons with a total energy of 14 TeV (that is, 14 teraelectronvolts or 14·1012 electronvolts) in the system of the center of mass of the incident particles, as well as lead nuclei with an energy of 5 GeV (5·109 electronvolts) for each pair of colliding nucleons. At the beginning of 2010, the LHC had already slightly surpassed the previous record holder in proton energy - the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider, which until the end of 2011 worked at the National Accelerator Laboratory. Enrico Fermi (USA). Despite the fact that the setup of the equipment has been going on for years and has not yet been completed, the LHC has already become the highest-energy particle accelerator in the world, surpassing other colliders by an order of magnitude in energy, including the relativistic heavy ion collider RHIC, operating at Brookhaven Laboratory (USA). ).
The luminosity of the LHC during the first weeks of its run was no more than 1029 particles/cm 2 s, however, it continues to constantly increase. The goal is to achieve a nominal luminosity of 1.7 × 1034 particles/cm 2 s, which is the same order of magnitude as the luminosities of BaBar (SLAC, USA) and Belle (KEK, Japan).
The accelerator is located in the same tunnel formerly occupied by the Large Electron-Positron Collider. The tunnel with a circumference of 26.7 km is laid underground in France and Switzerland. The depth of the tunnel is from 50 to 175 meters, and the tunnel ring is inclined by approximately 1.4% relative to the surface of the earth. To hold, correct and focus proton beams, 1624 superconducting magnets are used, the total length of which exceeds 22 km. The magnets operate at a temperature of 1.9 K (-271 °C), which is slightly below the temperature at which helium becomes superfluid.
BAK detectors
The LHC has 4 main and 3 auxiliary detectors:
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment)
- ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC Apparatus)
- CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid)
- LHCb (The Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment)
- TOTEM (TOTal Elastic and diffractive cross section Measurement)
- LHCf (The Large Hadron Collider forward)
- MoEDAL (Monopole and Exotics Detector At the LHC).
ATLAS, CMS, ALICE, LHCb are large detectors located around the beam collision points. The TOTEM and LHCf detectors are auxiliary, located at a distance of several tens of meters from the beam intersection points occupied by the CMS and ATLAS detectors, respectively, and will be used in conjunction with the main ones.
The ATLAS and CMS detectors are general purpose detectors designed to search for the Higgs boson and “non-standard physics”, in particular dark matter, ALICE - to study quark-gluon plasma in collisions of heavy lead ions, LHCb - to study the physics of b-quarks, which will allow better understand the differences between matter and antimatter, TOTEM is designed to study the scattering of particles at small angles, such as what occurs during close flights without collisions (the so-called non-colliding particles, forward particles), which makes it possible to more accurately measure the size of protons, as well as control the luminosity of the collider, and, finally, LHCf - for the study of cosmic rays, modeled using the same non-colliding particles.
Also associated with the work of the LHC is the seventh, quite insignificant in terms of budget and complexity, detector (experiment) MoEDAL, designed to search for slowly moving heavy particles.
During operation of the collider, collisions are carried out simultaneously at all four points of intersection of the beams, regardless of the type of accelerated particles (protons or nuclei). In this case, all detectors simultaneously collect statistics.
Particle acceleration in a collider
The speed of particles in the LHC in colliding beams is close to the speed of light in a vacuum. The acceleration of particles to such high energies is achieved in several stages. In the first stage, low-energy linear accelerators Linac 2 and Linac 3 inject protons and lead ions for further acceleration. The particles then enter the PS booster and then into the PS itself (proton synchrotron), acquiring an energy of 28 GeV. At this energy they are already moving at a speed close to light. After this, particle acceleration continues in the SPS (Super Synchrotron Proton Synchrotron), where the particle energy reaches 450 GeV. The proton bunch is then directed into the main 26.7-kilometer ring, bringing the proton energy to a maximum of 7 TeV, and detectors record the events at the collision points. Two colliding proton beams, when fully filled, can contain 2808 bunches each. At the initial stages of debugging the acceleration process, only one bunch circulates in a beam several centimeters long and of small transverse size. Then they begin to increase the number of clots. The bunches are located in fixed positions relative to each other, which move synchronously along the ring. Clumps in a certain sequence can collide at four points of the ring, where particle detectors are located.
The kinetic energy of all bunches of hadrons in the LHC, when completely filled, is comparable to the kinetic energy of a jet aircraft, although the mass of all particles does not exceed a nanogram and they cannot even be seen with the naked eye. This energy is achieved due to particle speeds close to the speed of light.
The bunches go through a full circle of the accelerator in less than 0.0001 seconds, thus making over 10 thousand revolutions per second
Goals and objectives of the LHC
The main task of the Large Hadron Collider is to find out the structure of our world at distances less than 10–19 m, “probing” it with particles with an energy of several TeV. By now, a lot of indirect evidence has already accumulated that at this scale, physicists should discover a certain “new layer of reality”, the study of which will provide answers to many questions of fundamental physics. What exactly this layer of reality will turn out to be is not known in advance. Theorists, of course, have already proposed hundreds of various phenomena that could be observed at collision energies of several TeV, but it is the experiment that will show what is actually realized in nature.
The search for a New Physics The Standard Model cannot be considered the final theory of elementary particles. It must be part of some deeper theory of the structure of the microworld, the part that is visible in experiments at colliders at energies below about 1 TeV. Such theories are collectively called "New Physics" or "Beyond the Standard Model". The main goal of the Large Hadron Collider is to get at least the first hints of what this deeper theory is. To further unify fundamental interactions in one theory, various approaches are used: string theory, which was developed in M-theory (brane theory), supergravity theory, loop quantum gravity, etc. Some of them have internal problems, and none of them have experimental confirmation. The problem is that to carry out the corresponding experiments, energies are needed that are unattainable with modern charged particle accelerators. The LHC will allow experiments that were previously impossible and will likely confirm or refute some of these theories. Thus, there is a whole range of physical theories with dimensions greater than four that assume the existence of “supersymmetry” - for example, string theory, which is sometimes called superstring theory precisely because without supersymmetry it loses its physical meaning. Confirmation of the existence of supersymmetry will thus be an indirect confirmation of the truth of these theories. Studying top quarks The top quark is the heaviest quark and, moreover, it is the heaviest elementary particle discovered so far. According to the latest results from the Tevatron, its mass is 173.1 ± 1.3 GeV/c 2. Due to its large mass, the top quark has so far been observed only at one accelerator - the Tevatron; other accelerators simply did not have enough energy for its birth. In addition, top quarks are of interest to physicists not only in themselves, but also as a “working tool” for studying the Higgs boson. One of the most important channels for Higgs boson production at the LHC is associative production together with a top quark-antiquark pair. In order to reliably separate such events from the background, it is first necessary to study the properties of the top quarks themselves. Studying the mechanism of electroweak symmetry One of the main goals of the project is to experimentally prove the existence of the Higgs boson, a particle predicted by Scottish physicist Peter Higgs in 1964 within the framework of the Standard Model. The Higgs boson is a quantum of the so-called Higgs field, when passing through which particles experience resistance, which we represent as corrections to mass. The boson itself is unstable and has a large mass (more than 120 GeV/c 2). In fact, physicists are not so much interested in the Higgs boson itself as in the Higgs mechanism for breaking the symmetry of the electroweak interaction. Study of quark-gluon plasma It is expected that approximately one month per year will be spent in the accelerator in the nuclear collision mode. During this month, the collider will accelerate and collide not protons, but lead nuclei in detectors. During an inelastic collision of two nuclei at ultrarelativistic speeds, a dense and very hot lump of nuclear matter is formed for a short time and then disintegrates. Understanding the phenomena occurring in this case (the transition of matter into the state of quark-gluon plasma and its cooling) is necessary to build a more advanced theory of strong interactions, which will be useful for both nuclear physics and astrophysics. The search for supersymmetry The first significant scientific achievement of the LHC experiments may be the proof or refutation of “supersymmetry” - the theory that every elementary particle has a much heavier partner, or “superparticle”. Study of photon-hadron and photon-photon collisions Electromagnetic interaction of particles is described as the exchange of (in some cases virtual) photons. In other words, photons are carriers of the electromagnetic field. Protons are electrically charged and surrounded by an electrostatic field; accordingly, this field can be considered as a cloud of virtual photons. Every proton, especially a relativistic proton, includes a cloud of virtual particles as an integral part. When protons collide, the virtual particles surrounding each proton also interact. Mathematically, the process of particle interaction is described by a long series of corrections, each of which describes the interaction through virtual particles of a certain type (see: Feynman diagrams). Thus, when studying proton collisions, the interaction of matter with high-energy photons, which is of great interest for theoretical physics, is also indirectly studied. A special class of reactions is also considered - the direct interaction of two photons, which can collide either with an oncoming proton, generating typical photon-hadron collisions, or with each other. In the regime of nuclear collisions, due to the large electrical charge of the nucleus, the influence of electromagnetic processes is even more important. Testing exotic theories Theorists at the end of the 20th century put forward a huge number of unusual ideas about the structure of the world, which are collectively called “exotic models”. These include theories with strong gravity at an energy scale of the order of 1 TeV, models with a large number of spatial dimensions, preon models in which quarks and leptons themselves consist of particles, models with new types of interaction. The fact is that the accumulated experimental data is still not enough to create a single theory. And all these theories themselves are compatible with the available experimental data. Because these theories can make specific predictions for the LHC, experimenters plan to test the predictions and look for traces of certain theories in their data. It is expected that the results obtained at the accelerator will be able to limit the imagination of theorists, closing some of the proposed constructions. Other It is also expected that physical phenomena beyond the Standard Model will be discovered. It is planned to study the properties of W and Z bosons, nuclear interactions at ultra-high energies, processes of production and decay of heavy quarks (b and t).
After a series of experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), specialists from the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) announced the discovery of a new particle called a pentaquark, previously predicted by Russian scientists.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is an accelerator designed to accelerate elementary particles (in particular, protons).
It is located in France and Switzerland and belongs to the European Council for Nuclear Research (Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire, CERN).
At that time, scientists were not exactly clear how the particle they discovered corresponded to the predictions of the Standard Model. By March 2013, physicists had enough data on the particle to officially declare it to be the Higgs boson.
On October 8, 2013, the British physicist Peter Higgs and the Belgian François Engler, who discovered the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking (due to this violation, elementary particles can have mass), were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for “the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that provided insight into the origin of the masses of elementary particles.”
In December 2013, thanks to data analysis using neural networks, CERN physicists for the first time traced the decay of the Higgs boson into fermions - tau leptons and b-quark and b-antiquark pairs.
In June 2014, scientists working at the ATLAS detector, after processing all the accumulated statistics, clarified the results of measuring the mass of the Higgs boson. According to their data, the mass of the Higgs boson is 125.36 ± 0.41 gigaelectronvolts. This is almost identical - both in value and in accuracy - to the result of scientists working on the CMS detector.
In a February 2015 publication in the journal Physical Review Letters, physicists stated that a possible reason for the almost complete absence of antimatter in the Universe and the predominance of ordinary visible matter could be the movements of the Higgs field - a special structure where Higgs bosons “live”. Russian-American physicist Alexander Kusenko from the University of California at Los Angeles (USA) and his colleagues believe that they managed to find the answer to this universal riddle in the data that was collected by the Large Hadron Collider during the first stage of its operation, when the boson was discovered Higgs, the famous "God particle".
On July 14, 2015, it became known that specialists from the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN), after a series of experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), announced the discovery of a new particle called a pentaquark, previously predicted by Russian scientists. Studying the properties of pentaquarks will allow us to better understand how ordinary matter works. The possibility of the existence of pentaquarks, employees of the St. Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics named after Konstantinov Dmitry Dyakonov, Maxim Polyakov and Viktor Petrov.
The data collected by the LHC at the first stage of work allowed physicists from the LHCb collaboration, which searches for exotic particles on the detector of the same name, to “catch” several particles of five quarks, which received temporary names Pc(4450)+ and Pc(4380)+. They have a very large mass - about 4.4-4.5 thousand megaelectronvolts, which is about four to five times more than the same figure for protons and neutrons, as well as a rather unusual spin. By their nature, they are four “normal” quarks glued to one antiquark.
The statistical confidence of the discovery is nine sigma, which is equivalent to one random error or malfunction of the detector in one case in four million billion (10 to the 18th power) attempts.
One of the goals of the second launch of the LHC will be the search for dark matter. It is assumed that the discovery of such matter will help solve the problem of hidden mass, which, in particular, lies in the anomalously high speed of rotation of the outer regions of galaxies.
The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources
The LHC (Large Hadron Collider, LHC) is the world's largest particle accelerator, located on the French-Swiss border in Geneva and owned by CERN. The main goal of building the Large Hadron Collider was to search for the Higgs boson, the elusive particle that is the last element of the Standard Model. The collider completed the task: physicists actually discovered an elementary particle at the predicted energies. Further, the LHC will operate in this luminosity range and operate as special objects usually operate: at the request of scientists. Remember, the one and a half month mission of the Opportunity rover dragged on for 10 years.
The Large Hadron Collider is one of mankind's most amazing inventions, responsible for the discovery of numerous subatomic particles, including the elusive Higgs boson. And recently, new data hints at new discoveries beyond the Standard Model. And this is very surprising, because, according to scientists, we can decrypt less than 1% of the data from the accelerator. Therefore, the discovery of the LHC can be called “great luck.” Or is it still not?
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a typical (albeit super-powerful) colliding particle accelerator designed to accelerate protons and heavy ions (lead ions) and study the products of their collisions. The LHC is a microscope with the help of which physicists will unravel what and how matter is made of, obtaining information about its structure at a new, even more microscopic level.
Many were looking forward to what would happen after its launch, but nothing actually happened - our world is very boring for something really interesting and grandiose to happen. Here is civilization and its crown of creation is man, it’s just that a certain coalition of civilization and people has turned out, having rallied together for the past century, we are polluting the earth in geometric progression, and wantonly destroying everything that has been accumulating for millions of years. We'll talk about this in another post, so here it is HADRON COLLIDER.
Contrary to the numerous and varied expectations of peoples and the media, everything passed quietly and peacefully. Oh, how everything was exaggerated, for example, the newspapers repeated from issue to issue: “LHC = the end of the world!”, “The path to disaster or discovery?”, “Annihilation Catastrophe”, they almost predicted the end of the world and a giant black hole, in which will suck in the whole earth. Apparently these theories were put forward by envious physicists who at school failed to obtain a certificate of completion with the number 5 in this subject.
For example, there was a philosopher Democritus, who in his ancient Greece (by the way, modern schoolchildren write this in one word, because they perceive it as a non-existent strange country, like the USSR, Czechoslovakia, Austria-Hungary, Saxony, Courland, etc. - “Ancient Greece”) he expressed a certain theory that matter consists of indivisible particles - atoms, but scientists found evidence of this only after approximately 2350 years. An atom (indivisible) can also be divided, this was discovered 50 years later, on electrons and kernels, and core– for protons and neutrons. But they, as it turned out, are not the smallest particles and, in turn, consist of quarks. Today, physicists believe that quarks- the limit of the division of matter and nothing less exists. There are six known types of quarks: up, strange, charm, beauty, true, down - and they are connected by gluons.
The word "collider" comes from the English collide - to collide. In a collider, two particle launches fly towards each other and when they collide, the energies of the beams are added. Whereas in conventional accelerators, which have been built and operating for several decades (their first models of relatively moderate size and power appeared before the Second World War in the 30s), the beam hits a stationary target and the energy of such a collision is much less.
The collider is called “hadron” because it is designed to accelerate hadrons. Hadrons- this is a family of elementary particles, which include protons and neutrons; they make up the nuclei of all atoms, as well as various mesons. An important property of hadrons is that they are not truly elementary particles, but consist of quarks “glued together” by gluons.
The collider became large because of its size - it is the largest physical experimental installation ever existing in the world, only the main ring of the accelerator stretches more than 26 km.
It is assumed that the speed of protons accelerated by the LHC will be 0.9999999998 of the speed of light, and the number of particle collisions occurring in the accelerator every second will reach 800 million. The total energy of colliding protons will be 14 TeV (14 teraelectrovolts, and lead nuclei - 5.5 GeV for each pair of colliding nucleons. Nucleons(from Latin nucleus - nucleus) - a common name for protons and neutrons.
There are different opinions about the technology for creating accelerators today: some claim that it has reached its logical limit, others that there is no limit to perfection - and various reviews provide reviews of designs whose size is 1000 times smaller, and whose performance is higher than the LHC' A. In electronics or computer technology, miniaturization is constantly taking place with a simultaneous increase in performance.
Large Hardon Collider, LHC - a typical (albeit extremely) accelerator of charged particles in the beams, designed to disperse the protons and heavy ions (lead ions) and study the products of their collisions. BAC is this microscope, in which physics will unravel, what and how to make the matter of getting information about its device in a new, even more microscopic level.
Many waited eagerly, but what comes after his run, but nothing in principle and has not happened - our world is missing much that has happened is something really interesting and ambitious. Here it is a civilization and its crown of creation man, just got a sort of coalition of civilization and the people, unity, together for over a century, in a geometric progression zagazhivaem land, and beschinno destroying anything that accumulated millions of years. On this we will talk in another message, and so - that he Hadron Collider.
Despite the many and varied expectations of peoples and the media all went quietly and peacefully. Oh, how it was all bloated, like the newspaper firm by number of rooms: “BAC = the end of the world!”, “The road to discovery or disaster?”, “Annihilation catastrophe”, almost the end of the world and things are a gigantic black hole in zasoset that all the land. Perhaps these theories put forward envious of physics, in which the school did not receive a certificate of completion from the figure 5, on the subject.
Here, for example, was a philosopher Democritus, who in ancient Greece (and, incidentally, today's students write it in one word, as seen this strange non-existent, like the USSR, Czechoslovakia, Austria-Hungary, Saxony, Kurland, etc . - “Drevnyayagretsiya”), he had some theory that matter consists of indivisible particles - atoms, but the proof of this, scientists have found only after about 2350 years. Atom (indivisible) - can also be divided, it is found even after 50 years on the electrons and nuclei and the nucleus - protons and neutrons at. But they, as it turned out, not the smallest particles and, in turn, are composed of quarks. To date, physicists believe that quarks — the limit of division of matter and anything less does not exist. We know of six types of quarks: the ceiling, strange, charmed, charming, genuine, bottom — and they are connected via gluons.
The word “Collider” comes from the English collide – face. In the collider, two particles start flying towards each other and with the collision energy beams added. While in conventional accelerators, which are under construction and work for several decades (the first of their models on moderate size and power, appeared before the Second World War in the 30s), puchek strikes on fixed targets and the energy of the collision is much smaller.
"Hadronic" collider named because it is designed to disperse the hadrons. Hadrons - is a family of elementary particles, which include protons and neutrons, composed of the nucleus of all atoms, as well as a variety of mesons. An important feature of hadrons is that they are not truly elementary particles, and are composed of quarks, “glued” gluon.
The big collider has been because of its size — is the largest physical experimental setup ever in the world, only the main accelerator ring stretches for more than 26 km.
It is assumed that the velocity of dispersed tank will 0.9999999998 protons to the speed of light, and the number of collisions of particles originating in the accelerator every second, to 800 million total energy of colliding protons will be 14 TeV (14 teraelektro-volt, and the nuclei of lead - 5.5 GeV for each pair of colliding nucleons. nucleons (from Lat. nucleus - nucleus) - the generic name for the protons and neutrons.
There are different views on the creation of accelerator technology to date: some say that it came to its logical side, others that there is no limit to perfection — and the various surveys provided an overview of structures, which are 1000 times smaller, but higher productivity BUCK 'Yes. In the electronics or computer technology is constantly miniaturization, while the growth of efficiency.
The TANK is, first of all, a big horror story. But is it really that dangerous and should we be afraid of it? Yes and no! Firstly, everything and even more that physicists and astrophysicists are going to learn about is already known in advance (see below). And what is a real threat, from the area of their assumptions, turns out to be a completely different threat. Why am I talking about this so confidently, but only because I have made 60 scientific discoveries of the properties of the ether of the Universe and therefore everything is known about the ether, but so far I am alone. First, science is fundamentally wrong about black holes. “Black holes” are the cores of all galaxies. They are huge and cannot be created in miniature artificially in any way. And that's why? Any galaxy is a giant natural oscillator that cyclically expands and contracts over periods of tens of billions of years. At the end of the contraction, most galaxies become spherical (nucleus). The entire Universe, including all galaxies, consists mainly of ether. Ether is an ideal inextricable compressible liquid, compressed to enormous pressure, has enormous density and, most importantly, its viscosity is zero. The core is a “black hole”, but unlike the generally accepted idea of it, there is not, and cannot be, any matter in it in any form - only ether. The contraction of the galaxy is immediately followed by its expansion. In particular, from the spherical shape an additional disc-shaped shape begins to form. As a result of the expansion of the ether in it, its static pressure inside decreases. After millions of years, the first critical pressure occurs, at which a variety of subelementary particles appear from the ether like dew drops, including photons, hard radiation - X-rays, “God particles” and others. The galaxy becomes visible and luminous. If it is turned sideways towards us, then in the center around the axis there is a black dot or a black spot - ether in which matter is not formed. It forms on large diameters. There is a zone or visible belt in which matter is formed. Further, as the disc-shaped part expands, the matter becomes more complex. Subelementary particles find themselves compressed on all sides by the ether. The ether itself between the particles forms paraboloids of rotation with a static pressure less than in the ether surrounding them. The smallest cross-section of paraboloids at the middle of the distance between the centers of mass of these particles determines the compression forces of the particles from uncompensated pressure on them from opposite sides. Under the influence of compression forces, the particles begin to move. There are a great many particles, so the resulting forces from the compressive forces turn out to be equal to zero for a long time. Over hundreds of millions of years, this balance is gradually disrupted. Some of them stick together, slowing down their movement, others do not have time to pass by and, under the influence of compression forces, begin to rotate around the stuck together more massive particles, forming atoms. Then, after billions of years, molecules are formed in the same way. Matter gradually becomes more complex: gas stars are formed, then stars with planets. On planets, under the influence of the same compression forces, matter becomes more complex. Formed: gaseous, liquid and solid substances. Then, on some of them, flora and fauna appear, and, finally, living beings endowed with intelligence - humans and aliens. Thus, in remote zones of the galaxy, as the disk-shaped part expands, matter becomes more complex the further it is from the center of the core. In the core itself, the static pressure, apparently, always turns out to be higher than the critical one, so the formation of matter in it turns out to be impossible. Gravity as such does not exist at all. In the Universe and, in particular, in galaxies, the law of universal compression (extrusion) operates. The core of the galaxy is a “black hole”, but it does not have forces that suck in matter. Light entering such a hole freely penetrates through it, contrary to statements that this is supposedly impossible. Since the ether of the Universe is an indivisible compressible liquid, it does not have temperature. Only matter has temperature, since it is discrete (consists of particles). Therefore, the sensational Big Bang and the Thermal Universe Theory turn out to be erroneous. Since the Law of universal compression (extrusion) operates in the Universe, there is no inexplicable gravity as such, which is simply accepted by scientists on faith. Therefore, GTR – A. Einstein’s general theory of relativity and all theories based on various kinds of fields and charges – turns out to be untenable. There are simply no fields or charges. Finds a simple and understandable explanation of the four great interactions. In addition, attraction is explained by squeezing, and repulsion by extrusion. Regarding charges: unlike charges attract (the phenomenon is squeezing), and like charges repel (the phenomenon is pushing). Therefore, a number of other theories also become untenable. However, you should not faint from fear due to the formation of “black holes” in the LHC – Large Hadron Collider. He will never create it, no matter how puffed up his staff is, and no matter what oaths he gives. Creating “God particles” (Giggs boson) is apparently impossible and not advisable. These particles themselves fly to us in finished form from the first zone of our Milky Way galaxy, and we shouldn’t be afraid of them. The boson has been attacking the Earth for billions of years and during this time nothing dangerous has happened. However, what should you be afraid of? There is a very big danger, which those who experiment at the LHC are not even aware of! In the LHC, relatively heavy particles are accelerated to previously unattainable speeds of light. And, if for some reason they deviate from the given trajectory of movement and therefore end up in a detector or somewhere else, then they, having high speed and specific energy, and they are trying to increase it, will begin to knock electrons out of the atoms of non-radioactive substances, thereby provoking a previously unknown nuclear reaction. After which the spontaneous fission of nuclei of almost all substances will begin. Moreover, it will be an atomic explosion of unprecedented force. Because of this, it will disappear: first the LHC with Switzerland, then Europe and the entire globe. Although everything may stop there, all of us will no longer be there. This will be a catastrophe on a cosmic scale. Therefore, before it is too late, the LHC staff must show courage and immediately suspend experiments at the LHC until the true reason is clarified: will it be so or not? Perhaps, fortunately, I am mistaken. It would be good if that were so. Only a team of scientists can give the correct answer to this question. Kolpakov Anatoly Petrovich, mechanical engineer
