Does the term “psychological parental attitudes” evoke vague associations and no specifics? Now we will put everything on the shelves. I love it very much, you know :)

A psychological attitude is some kind of behavior program that is recorded in the “subcortex” of a person; it is not realized at all or is realized in hindsight.

As many of you wrote in the survey: “I seemed to think that under no circumstances would I do this with my children. But I notice what I’m doing and catch myself only after...” These are manifestations of attitudes, parental scenarios. They did this to you and now you are repeating it.

And attitudes are often passed down from generation to generation.There are positive and toxic attitudes.I think it’s clear from the names that some stimulate development, while others cause frustration and clip their wings.

Many attitudes in our society appeared after the Great Patriotic War. Why? Because life changed dramatically then, because the family hierarchy has changed and is still returning to normal.

What am I talking about?

For example, a psychological attitude (scenario) about the female role.

It is clear that after the war and the huge number of victims, there were almost no men. And women took on this role. And a galloping horse, and into a burning hut, and to feed the children, and to look after the household...

There was a need for it then. It was necessary to survive. And now? Now the need has disappeared, but the installation has remained since then.

And our women are still automatically doing everything themselves, and even rejecting the help of men. And what's the result?

They remain either alone (few men like it when they do not appreciate him and compete with him for the role of head of the family) or with henpecked men. And then they are indignant that there are no normal men... But at the same time they do not notice that they themselves are scaring them away. The attitude towards behavior works and is not realized by such women.

Want to know what other toxic installations there are?

Then watch the free webinar!

Or here’s an example about children’s attitudes.

The attitude from the Soviet Union: “Keep your head down, be like everyone else that people say.” It is found in a wide variety of variations throughout the former USSR. Then it was the norm of behavior necessary for successful socialization.

And now the mother experiences terrible discomfort, a feeling of guilt when her child behaves differently from everyone else. I immediately want to grab the child and run away. After all, we were told that we need to be quieter than water, we can’t run, we can’t shout, we can’t express our opinions, etc. And this was registered in our subcortex, the subconscious ate everything up.

Here's a great video that shows how parents create a life script for their child.
This video presents only fairly bright and harsh attitudes, but often they are much more insidious and not so obvious.

But some mothers are aware of the problem and slow down their impulses to pull the child back.

But most don't. They pull back, set unnecessary boundaries, punish, get angry with themselves and the child.

And this same setup for adults works like, you know?

That’s right, in self-realization, in choosing a profession: “Don’t show off with your design, go become an accountant, be like everyone else,” the parents told their daughter, she graduated and now goes to a job she doesn’t like.

And it also happens that the offer of your dreams comes, but you are afraid and come up with reasons to refuse. And why? But because it’s a shame to stand out and stick out.

P.S. Maybe you have already found some attitudes within yourself? Write about them in the comments!

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Irina Terentyeva: “I help raise happy children!”

“Children are the best motivation for self-improvement!

A person’s attitudes considered in psychology are not only his prejudice. This is a certain mood of his physical and mental strength for a particular situation or certain needs. Moreover, as noted in psychology, the personality attitude is outside the consciousness of a person. What kind of phenomenon is this? Let's consider this issue in more detail.

Psychological phenomenon

It is already obvious to a person living in the third millennium how rapidly the world in which he lives is changing. Moreover, any newly arriving reality is invariably accompanied by certain changes. This requires changes in the people themselves. But admitting that you need to change yourself is much more difficult. In each case, a mechanism to counteract the newly created conditions begins to work in a person, which is called a psychological barrier. This is nothing more than a specific form of resistance to change syndrome, which has two sides. A person is afraid of losing his old, familiar, and at the same time he has a fear of what is unusual for him, new.

If we consider the concept of “barrier” in a broad sense, then it means a long partition that is placed as an obstacle on the way, that is, it is an obstacle. This word has a similar meaning in the field of psychology. In this science, it denotes those external and internal obstacles existing in a person that do not allow him to achieve his goal.

A psychological barrier is understood as a state of an individual in which his or her inadequate passivity manifests itself, becoming an obstacle to performing certain actions. In emotional terms, the mechanism of this phenomenon is the strengthening of attitudes toward low self-esteem and negative experiences. Psychological barriers also exist in the social behavior of an individual. They are expressed by communication obstacles, which manifest themselves in the rigidity of interpersonal and other attitudes.

How to solve the problem of barriers? This will allow us to create a broader framework for such a concept as “psychological attitude.” It is expressed in a person’s readiness to act and perceive, as well as interpret the object of thinking and perception or future events in one way or another.

What does the concept of attitude mean in psychology? This is a special vision that is the basis of human behavior and his selective activity. It is capable of regulating conscious as well as unconscious forms of personality activity in the emotional, cognitive and motivational spheres. Any attitude is formed thanks to the life experience accumulated by a person and can be both a colossal advantage and a significant limitation for him.

History of discovery

In the internal quality of the subject, a psychological state not realized by him, which is based on his previous life experience, as well as certain activity and predisposition in a given situation. The setting determines and precedes the deployment of any of the existing forms of mental activity. Moreover, its presence allows a person to react in one way or another to a social or political event.

A similar phenomenon was discovered in 1888 by the German scientist L. Lange. Further in general psychology, the attitude resulted in a whole theory developed by D. N. Uznadze together with the students and followers of his school. The stages necessary for the formation of an attitude were most fully revealed thanks to such a concept as the contrast illusion. At the same time, along with the simplest ones, researchers have identified more complex types of attitudes - social, value orientations of a person, etc.

Considerable attention was paid to the installations by S.R. Rubinstein. They discovered that this phenomenon is closely related to the unconscious.

M. Rokeach also worked on the problem of attitudes in psychology. This researcher made a distinction between a person's attitudes and his values. The latter are beliefs that sometimes apply to several situations and objects. An attitude is a set of beliefs that relate to only one situation or object.

Development of the theory

At the early stage of its study, it was believed that attitude in psychology is one of the forms of nervous activity that is not conscious to a person. This opinion existed for quite a long time. The psychology of the attitude of D. N. Uznadze also adhered to it. This theory continued to develop in this direction. The attitude in domestic psychology was considered by the Georgian school, which included followers and students of Dmitry Nikolaevich Uznadze. This scientist not only created the theory of the phenomenon under consideration, but also organized the development of this problem.

Uznadze explained the phenomenon of perception as a reflection of reality and the behavior of a living being. This can be briefly explained as follows. Attitudes occupy the most important place in the life of every person. They influence the perception of phenomena and objects, thinking, as well as the will of a person. Before the slightest movement of the soul takes place, it will necessarily be preceded by a certain attitude. And then the act of will, perception and cognition will certainly be influenced by a person’s life experience, the goal or mood set by him. However, errors cannot be excluded. This was made possible by the experimental foundations of attitude psychology. This is evidenced, for example, by the experiment with balls. The person was asked to estimate the size of these objects. And if at first he was shown balls of different sizes 10-15 times, then in his mind the opinion formed that they must necessarily be different. After the researcher offered him the same objects, the reaction did not change. The person continued to perceive the balls as different.

Over time, it became obvious that all the patterns and facts that were considered by the attitude theory are general psychological in nature. In this regard, this direction began to claim the status of a general psychological concept.

Clarification of the term

In psychology? This is a phenomenon that has a three-part structure, which includes:

• sensory image (effective component);
• actions related to the object of assessment (behavioral component);
• cognitive factor.

According to the opinion of D. N. Uznadze’s students - T. Sh. Iosebadze and T. T. Iosebadze, the following definition of attitude in psychology can be given. This phenomenon is characterized by scientists as a mode or a specific state inherent in a holistic object. That is, it determines the psychophysical organization of a person and its modification in each specific situation, as well as his readiness to perform certain activities necessary to satisfy current needs.

In psychology, an individual's attitude and behavior are considered to be a reflection of his internal (subjective) and external (objective) state. Moreover, such a property is considered an indirect link, a certain “principle of connection” that exists between the individual states of the subject, its elements and functions.

A clearer position on this issue belongs to Sh. N. Chkhartishvili. This scientist divided the installation into primary and fixed. Both of them are easily differentiated from each other, but have different functions and properties.

Dispositional concept

There are other attitude theories in psychology. One of them is the dispositional concept of V. A. Yadov. This scientist proposed his approach when considering system-forming components that reflect human social behavior.

The concept under consideration is based on a hierarchical system of dispositions. In the triad proposed by D.N. Uznadze, V.A. Yadov replaced the attitude with the concept of disposition. This is nothing more than a wide variety of states of readiness or predisposition of a person to perceive situations. V. A. Yadov considers personality dispositions in the form of a hierarchical system formed as a result of existing needs and conditions. In this system, the scientist identified three levels. They differ from each other in their different composition and ratio of their constituent elements (attitudes, needs, operating conditions). Each level of disposition predetermines the corresponding level of behavior. Let's look at each of them in more detail.

Fixed installations

It is they who are at the very first and at the same time lower level of disposition. What is an elementary fixed installation? In psychology, this is the determination of the subject’s specific reactions to an objective, current situation, as well as his perception of rapidly changing environmental influences. Elementary attitudes are formed based on the basic needs of physical existence, as well as the simplest situations. This or that behavioral readiness of the individual in this case is fixed by his previous experience.

Social attitudes

A similar phenomenon is detected at the second stage of the dispositional stage. In psychology, a social attitude is a person’s need to be included in contact groups. What behavioral situations arise in this case? They are social. Such attitudes take place based on the assessment of individual public facilities. Social situations are also taken into account. At the same time, the individual commits certain actions. They are the elementary unit of behavior.

What else do we understand by the term described? A social attitude in psychology is nothing more than an individual’s stable attitude towards people, as well as towards all processes and events occurring in society. It is from this that a personality characteristic can be given.

The term “social attitude” itself in psychology has several meanings, which differ from each other in their characteristics. Thus, initially this definition meant the readiness of an individual to solve a given task. Moreover, what was the object of the social attitude? This is the person himself, as well as the people in his environment, events and processes in society, objects of spiritual and material culture, etc.

Somewhat later, the term in question began to have a slightly different meaning. A social attitude in psychology is a stable attitude of one person or group of people towards something or someone. A careful study of this phenomenon made it clear that it is quite complex. At the same time, such an attitude began to be classified not only as a mental state of the individual, but also as its psychological property.

General orientation of the individual

Let's consider the third level of disposition. It characterizes the general orientation of the individual into a certain sphere of social action. At this level, a person’s needs regarding his social connections become more complex. For example, an individual strives to join one or another area of ​​activity, wanting to turn it into the main dominant sphere.

Here options such as professionalism, leisure or family may be considered. In this case, a person’s purposeful and consistent actions form the basis of his behavior in the area of ​​​​activity where he pursues more distant and significant goals.

Value orientations

Let's consider the highest level of the disposition hierarchy. It is characterized by the formation of value orientations not only on the goals of life, but also on the means necessary to achieve the goals. The fourth level includes higher social needs. In this case, an important factor becomes a person’s life position, into which the individual’s self-awareness is transformed. This is nothing more than the principle of individual behavior, which is based on ideological attitudes, norms and ideals, social values, as well as readiness to act.

Thanks to the dispositional theory, direct connections were established between socio-psychological and sociological human behavior. At the same time, the highest forms of attitudes according to Yadov include:

• value orientations and life concept;
• generalized attitudes towards typical social situations and objects;
• predisposition to behavior and perception in existing conditions and in a given social and subject environment.

Value orientations are understood as the attitude of a person or group of people to the totality of spiritual and material goods, considered as objects or their properties, goals, as well as means to satisfy the needs of the individual or group. This concept is expressed in the meaning of life, in ideals, and manifests itself in the social behavior of people. Value orientations reflect the subject’s attitude to the current conditions of his existence, which is the result of a conscious choice of objects and items that are significant for the individual.

Types of psychological attitudes

In psychology, human perception is classified into the following groups:

• positive;
• negative;
• adequate.

What does each of these types mean? With a positive attitude, the positive qualities of a person are assessed. Negative perception leads to consideration of only negative character traits of a person. The most optimal setting is considered adequate. After all, every person has both positive and negative personal qualities. The presence of each of these attitudes is considered by psychologists as an unconscious predisposition to evaluate and perceive the qualities of the interlocutor.

When starting their communication, people influence each other using deep psychological mechanisms. Researchers have proven that in this case a property such as infection arises. It represents the effect of enhancing the emotions of people in contact with each other. Infection occurs on an unconscious level. Moreover, most often it is observed in public, in a queue or in a crowd. For example, laughter, anger and other emotions can be contagious.

Among psychological attitudes there are also such properties as imitation and suggestion. The first one is dynamic. Its manifestations can be blind copying of gestures and behavior, as well as intonation, up to conscious imitation of behavior. Suggestion can be group or individual, occurring at a conscious or unconscious level, which will depend on the purpose of the contact. In psychology, this property is understood as a person’s ability to perceive feelings, actions and ideas conveyed to him in such a way that involuntarily they seem to become his own.

Among the psychological mechanisms of communication is also competition. It represents people’s desire not to lose face, to be no worse than others, as well as the desire to compare themselves with others. Competition creates a strain of physical, emotional and mental strength. It’s good if such attitudes serve as a stimulus for development. The worst option is when competition develops into rivalry.

The next level of human interaction is the reasoned, written or speech, conscious expression of actions, opinions and ideas with the purpose of persuasion. Such an attitude becomes effective only when it is based not only on words, but also on emotions, deeds, as well as on the effects of imitation, suggestion and infection.

“A girl should get married before the age of 25”, “The husband is obliged to provide for the family”, “A child should learn to read at four years old, no later” - what are these, desires, rules, or unreasoned beliefs?

Must-nanism (“must” and “masturbation”) is a concept that was once introduced by A. Ellis. It denotes very rigid, rarely reasoned and, often, far from reality, a person’s ideas about life standards. For example, what relationships should be like, how a child should develop, what career growth should be, etc. In fact, these established frameworks are not needed either by the person himself or by those around him.

However, how can a person understand this if he constantly owes something?..

Psychological attitudes of the individual. Causes of debtism

Where do all these “shoulds”, “needs” and “it will be right” come from? Naturally, the root of all problems must be sought in childhood. Parents or relatives could instill these “frameworks” in their children, or, on the contrary, they were created in the minds of children as a protest to parents, peers, etc.

Quite often, dueness is accompanied by a complex of grandeur and narcissism. How to live with this? What do people suffering from debtism do? They have clear rules for life, for other people and for themselves as well. If someone violates these rules, this amounts to a real sin, and the person can no longer be full in the eyes of someone suffering from obligatoryism. The worst thing is when the person himself does not comply with these rules. Then he begins to limit himself in something, to despise, because of which his life gradually collapses, but he cannot imagine how to live without these rules. It is interesting that such people can never answer where these “frameworks” came from and why they are sure that they can live this way. They don’t know this, but they know for sure that they must live only by these rules.

Manifestations of shouldanism

A strong form of internal shouldanism manifests itself as a requirement for oneself to be unambiguous and clear, not to change and not to doubt one’s views, rules and requirements, which, of course, are not clear where they came from. Going beyond these “frameworks” is an unforgivable sin. Beliefs are what oughtanism stands on. They are a more aggressive form of uncritically acquired ideas about life, about oneself, about people and about the world, which are not amenable to any criticism. There are three basic “Shoulds” of all beliefs:

I must

For example, a person is sure that he should achieve success before the age of 30, start a family before the age of 35, raise children in certain traditions, have a large number of friends, good relationships with employees, etc... On the one hand, it may seem that these are natural human desires, however, the form in which they are presented in the presence of oughtanism completely changes the picture.

You must

A person suffering from obligatoryism can expect certain actions from people: everyone should love and respect him, forgive some mistakes, help, etc. If people do not live up to his expectations, then a person can simply cross them out of his life.

The world must

The world MUST. It would seem, how can the world owe something? However, a person suffering from oughtanism is absolutely sure that the world is obliged to give him certain things: easy achievements, fair treatment, etc. When this does not happen, a person may develop resentment towards the world and life, which, in turn, can cause the emergence of certain psychological blocks.

How to deal with shouldanism

Such a problem will complicate life not only for others, but also, first of all, for the person himself. He will never be able to feel good and comfortable even with himself, unless he gets rid of the terrible inner voice that constantly repeats the word “should.” How to deal with this?

Awareness of the problem

The first thing a person should do is to realize that some of his “frameworks” cannot be explained logically, and, accordingly, are not the truth. You can, for example, try to remember where these beliefs came from, and if this fails, then it’s time to start solving the problem.

What would happen if...

What happens if you stop holding onto your supposedly extremely important beliefs? For example, a woman believes that she should not cry in public. This rule could have been instilled in her as a child by her parents, grandparents. Because of this, she constantly restrains herself, afraid of appearing weak, even when something truly terrible happens to her. You need to ask her a question - what will happen if you cry in front of people? Will someone offend you, or, conversely, comfort you? In general, she needs to understand for herself what she is afraid of, and whether it really is that scary.

Help from a psychotherapist

It is extremely difficult to cope with such a problem on your own, so you can seek help from a specialist who will more efficiently and professionally help you understand and resolve your problems together with you. Although oughtanism may not allow a person to live comfortably, it is still possible to solve such a problem, the main thing is to start acting in time.

Allow yourself to get rid of the burden of “I have to” and your life will immediately become warmer, easier and more joyful!

Please format it according to the article formatting rules.

Installation- an unconscious psychological state, an internal quality of the subject, based on his previous experience, a predisposition to a certain activity in a certain situation. The attitude precedes and determines the development of any form of mental activity. It acts as a state of mobilization, readiness for subsequent action. It is determined by the corresponding situation and the subject’s need to satisfy it. The presence of a person’s attitude allows him to react in one or another specific way to a particular political or social event or phenomenon.

The phenomenon was discovered by the German psychologist L. Lange; the general psychological theory of attitude, based on numerous experimental studies, was developed by D. N. Uznadze and his school (). The stages of attitude formation are most fully revealed on the basis of the concept of contrast illusion. Along with the unconscious simplest attitudes, there are more complex social attitudes, value orientations of the individual, etc. In addition, S.L. Rubinshtein paid great attention to attitudes, especially the role of attitudes in cognition. In his works, the concept of attitude is associated with the concepts of the Unconscious.

Development of attitude theory

Uznadze's set theory originated and developed as a theory describing one of the forms of unconscious nervous activity. He tried to explain the phenomena of perception, as a reflection of reality, and the behavior of a living being. It gradually became obvious that the facts and patterns considered by the theory of attitudes were general psychological in nature. Therefore, attitude theory began to claim the role of a general psychological concept.

Clarification of the term Installation

The attitude has a three-part structure: 1) an affective component (sensory image); 2) behavioral component (actions in relation to the subject of assessment); 3) cognitive component.

Students of D. N. Uznadze T. T. Iosebadze, T. Sh. Iosebadze characterize the attitude as “a specific state of an integral subject, its mode, a certain psychophysiological organization, its modification in a particular situation, readiness to perform a certain activity, focus on satisfaction of current needs. Being a reflection of the subjective (internal) and objective (external), as well as being an integral state of the subject, the attitude appears as an indirect link, the “principle of connection” both between its individual states, functions, elements (in the intrasubjective sphere), and between these latter (or an integral subject) and transsubjective reality. The attitude contains not only a “causal” (impulse for activity, need), but also a “goal-like” moment in the form of a general prospective, undeveloped model of future activity, uniquely reflecting its final result. Consequently, an attitude as a modification of an entire individual, determined by subjective (internal - current need, past experience, in its broad sense, characteristics of a given individual) and objective (external - specific situation) factors, reflects not only the present and past, but also the future.”

Sh. N. Chkhartishvili takes a somewhat clearer position on this issue, dividing the installation into two types: fixed and primary. They are easily differentiated from each other and have different properties and functions. Shentsev also worked in this direction.

Additional Concepts

Thanks to such features as “bilateral determination”, “principle of connection”, “dynamism” and at the same time, “certain stability”, “integrity”, etc., the installation in this understanding is more consistent with the role of a system-forming factor than such concepts , as “goal”, “task”, “motive”, etc. (claiming for this role). The concept of “attitude” should be considered not as a general attitude, position towards any object, phenomenon, person, but as a disposition - readiness for a certain behavior in a specific situation. This concept expresses a specific connection between internal and external. Therefore, we can have one, for example, negative attitude towards some person, but many (perhaps even mutually exclusive) attitudes towards this individual for various specific situations (remember the famous paradox of La Pierre, when the owner of one hotel, having a negative attitude to the Chinese, still received them at his hotel). Thus, the presence of any attitude is not enough for the behavior corresponding to it to take place in a given specific situation, whereas in such a case the corresponding attitude certainly guarantees its implementation (unless the situation in its psychological sense is changed)."

Types of installations

There are two types of installations: general and differentiated. A general attitude arises in relation to large classes of phenomena, a differentiated one - in relation to individual objects. The attitude underlies the integrity and consistency of human behavior and determines the norm of his reaction. Attitudes can be associated with various components of the activity. Semantic attitudes determine the personal meaning of specific objects, phenomena, and the readiness to act in relation to a significant object in a certain way. Goal settings provide a stable direction of action; they are expressed in a tendency to complete the action under any circumstances, which can sometimes lead to inflexibility of behavior. Operational settings provide the psychophysiological pre-tuning of an individual to perform an action in certain ways, a consistent system of habitual operations using means familiar to a person.

Installation and transformation of the concept of the Unconscious

Over time, in the works of D. N. Uznadze’s students, the concept of the unconscious was partially transformed. In the article by F.V. Bassin, A.S. Prangishvili, A.E. Sherosia we read: “the unconscious is a concept, in any case, much broader than a “psychological attitude.” It is undeniable, however, that among the forms of concrete expression of unconscious mental activity, psychological attitudes are given a very important place.” This idea is more specifically expressed in the work of A.E. Sheroziy, who summarizes his position as follows: “Interpreting the theory of the unconscious mental attitude, we rely on the three-member scheme of analysis of the human psyche “attitude - consciousness - unconscious mental”, instead of the two-member “attitude - consciousness "Thus, A.E. Sheroziya does not identify the attitude and the unconscious mental, considering them to be separate but interconnected realities. Moreover, the attitude, according to A.E. Sheroziya, performs the function of a connection between (a) the psychic and the transpsychic, (b) individual conscious mental acts and (c) conscious and unconscious mental processes. However, with this interpretation, and with other interpretations, declaring an attitude as a mental reality, it seems to us, is at least an inconsistent step. that the connection between the conscious-psychic and the unconscious mental is mediated by an attitude that he declares to be psychic reality. For more details, see the abstract on this topic.

Types of attitudes: 1 - social - readiness to perceive and act in a certain way; 2 - motor - readiness for action; 3 - sensory - readiness to perceive; 4 - mental - readiness for certain stereotypes of thinking; 5 - diffuse - an attitude formed by the subject during a single meeting with an object, phenomenon;

Typically, the stronger the emotional reaction after an event, the stronger the attitude becomes.

The connection between the concept of attitude and other psychological phenomena

The underlying mechanisms of functioning of many psychological manifestations are closely related to the concept of attitude. So, prejudice, or the concept of “friend or foe” are based on an internal norm subconsciously formed in a person. From this norm comes the usually unconscious reference to the observed “deviation” - that is, the assessment of the situation as normal or deviant (pathological, hostile, etc.). The installation phenomenon explains both the shiftability of the internal standard, which ensures a person’s ability to adapt to changing social and psychological conditions of the environment, and such phenomena as prejudice, xenophobia, nationalism.

see also

• Mercantile prostitute

Links

• 2. Contrast illusion according to Uznadze and its expansion to 3 or more objects

Wikimedia Foundation.

2010.

See what “Attitude (psychology)” is in other dictionaries:

Attitude: Attitude (psychology) is a psychological term. Installing software (installation) ... Wikipedia installation - The process of helping to acquire a new strategy or behavior. A new strategy can be established by some combination of anchoring, access keys, metaphors and broaching. Brief explanatory psychological and psychiatric dictionary. Ed. igisheva. 2008.… …

Great psychological encyclopedia - (from Greek soul and word, teaching), the science of patterns, mechanisms and facts of the psyche. life of humans and animals. The relationships of living beings with the world are realized through feelings. and intelligence. images, motivations, communication processes,... ...

Philosophical Encyclopedia - (from Greek soul and word, teaching), the science of patterns, mechanisms and facts of the psyche. life of humans and animals. The relationships of living beings with the world are realized through feelings. and intelligence. images, motivations, communication processes,... ...

The state of readiness, predisposition of the subject to certain. activity in certain situations. The phenomenon of W. was discovered by him. psychologist L. Lange (1888) when studying errors of perception. General psychological U.'s theory was developed by the Soviets. psychologist D... Psychology of preparing citizens to ensure personal safety

- Training of citizens includes three interrelated psychological areas: 1) informing the population about the optimal tactics of behavior in various situations of danger (see Propaganda of psychological knowledge); 2) diagnosis and reduction... ... Survival mindset - A person’s readiness and predisposition to purposeful, reliable behavior characterized by a sufficient level of self-defense in the conditions of the emergence, progression and resolution of a dangerous situation of a criminal or other nature. WITH… …

Encyclopedia of modern legal psychology- A section of legal psychology, including: 1) the study of the psychological mechanisms of behavior of victims of criminal violence and crimes, the psychological level of their victimization (see Levels of psychological victimization) and the development of recommendations for... ... - A person’s readiness and predisposition to purposeful, reliable behavior characterized by a sufficient level of self-defense in the conditions of the emergence, progression and resolution of a dangerous situation of a criminal or other nature. WITH… …

Psychology of training of VET employees to ensure personal safety- Training of VET employees includes a system of psychological measures that allow them to develop professional and personal qualities that ensure effective, reliable and safe activities in the performance of official duties.… … - A person’s readiness and predisposition to purposeful, reliable behavior characterized by a sufficient level of self-defense in the conditions of the emergence, progression and resolution of a dangerous situation of a criminal or other nature. WITH… …