Before you start setting up your router, it is advisable to find out the necessary information. We need to find out what Internet connection technology our Internet provider uses, we need to have the necessary parameters that will need to be set in the router settings (depending on connection technology). If, for example, the provider uses a connection using Dynamic IP technology, then you do not need any additional parameters. It’s enough to select Dynamic IP in the router settings, and the Internet will work.

You also need to find out whether the provider binds by MAC address. If it does, then after connecting the cable to the router, the Internet will not work even after correct configuration, because the provider does not have the MAC address of the router registered.

Now we will sort everything out in order.

The most important thing is to understand that the task of the router is to connect to the Internet and distribute it to your devices. It establishes a connection to your ISP in the same way as a computer. In order for the router setup to go smoothly and without problems, you need to correctly specify the connection type (WAN Connection Type) and set the necessary parameters.

What happens if you choose the wrong connection type?

This is the most common problem when setting up routers. The Internet will not work. The wireless network will appear, but after connecting to it, there will be no Internet on your devices. On computers, for example, the connection status will be “Without Internet access”. The Internet will also not work via cable from a router.

Everything is clear here, the router did not establish a connection with your provider because the parameters were set incorrectly.

How can I find out the connection technology my provider uses?

In Russia, Ukraine, and probably in other CIS countries, providers most often use the following technologies: Dynamic IP, Static IP, PPPoE, PPTP, L2TP.

• Dynamic IP– the most normal technology :) . A lot of Internet providers use it. We just connect the cable to the router and the Internet is already working, you don’t need to configure anything. You just need to specify the Dynamic IP technology. But, as a rule, it is set by default in the router settings.
• Static IP- not a very popular technology. To set up such a connection on your router, you must know the IP address that your Internet provider should give you.
• PPPoE– a popular technology (in Russia), which requires the creation of a special high-speed connection. If your provider uses PPPoE technology, then you most likely have created such a connection on your computer. In the router settings, you will need to select PPPoE, specify the login and password that your provider gives you. You may also need to set a static IP address.
• PPTP And L2TP– similar protocols, when setting them up you also need to specify a name and login. And also, the server address and, if necessary, a static IP. If the Internet was previously connected to the computer, then there was a special connection on the computer that you launched.

I have already written a lot, but still haven’t answered the main question.

Before you start setting up your router, be sure to find out what technology your Internet service provider uses.

How to find out? Call your provider's support and ask. Go to the provider's website and find instructions for setting up the equipment there. Or look in the documents you received upon connection.

If you call support, ask also whether the provider binds by MAC address, and what MTU value is best specified in the router settings.

If you already know the connection technology, then you should also know the necessary parameters. If you have a Dynamic IP, then, as I wrote above, no parameters are needed, but if you have, for example, a Static IP, PPPoE, PPTP, or L2TP, then you must know the login, password, static IP (if necessary), server address . Or only certain parameters (it all depends on the connection).

As a rule, this information is specified in the Internet connection agreement.

Is there a binding by MAC address?

Many providers tie the Internet to the MAC address of a specific network device. Each computer network card, or router, has its own MAC address, and this address is registered with the provider.

If your Internet provider makes such a connection, then even after correctly configuring the router, the Internet will not work. Since most likely, the provider has registered the MAC address of your computer, not the router.

What to do in such a situation?

Find out if binding is done by MAC address. If not, then no additional settings need to be made. If there is a binding, then in the router settings, you need . It is necessary that the router has the same MAC as the computer to which the Internet is connected. In articles on setting up certain routers, I try to write how to do this.

There is another option: look at the MAC address of the router (usually it is located on a sticker on the router itself), call the support of your Internet provider and tell them the new MAC to which you need to connect the Internet.

The key to successfully setting up a Wi-Fi router:

• Correctly specify the connection type and correctly set the necessary parameters (these are settings on the “WAN”, “Internet”, “Internet” tabs - different on different routers), which are issued by the Internet provider.
• Clone the MAC address, or register the MAC address of the router if the provider does the binding.

These are the two basic rules. Pay special attention to these two points and you will succeed. The main thing is that the router will already distribute the Internet, and then you can set up a Wi-Fi network, set a password, and other functions according to the instructions for a specific manufacturer or model. You can find these instructions on our website or on the Internet.

In a fairly short period of time it developed to its current size. Almost everyone can afford to connect to the “web”. There are many different ways to connect to the Internet. Since you are reading this article, it means that at least one of them is already familiar to you. A little over ten years ago, people could afford only 2 types of connections. Now you can count as many as eight (!). It’s not difficult to figure out what their differences are, but it’s extremely useful.

Let's start with the most “ancient”. Legendary Dial-Up connection via a special modem. Today, this type can be found in places where, apart from telephone communications, there are simply no other options to access the Internet. The principle is simple. You need a modem and the speed of this type of connection is incredibly slow. While you are on the Internet, it is impossible to reach you by phone. The telephone line is completely busy with data transmission. As a result, you pay for both the telephone line and the Internet. Cases of communication failures and Internet connection errors are quite common. Apart from the low cost of the modem and ease of connection, there are no longer any obvious advantages. Downloading anything from the Internet, firstly, takes a very long time, and secondly, it is expensive.

Ways to connect to the Internet are improving every day. The next step in development already stands out against the backdrop of Dial-Up. Meet ADSL! Everything seems to be the same: a modem and But the computer also requires a special network card. The card costs pennies, the modem is about $15. High and stable speed, free telephone line (even with a blocker) are the main advantages of such a connection. There is only one drawback - the high cost of the provider's services. But it is possible to use the Internet without any traffic restrictions.

Connecting a computer to the Internet via a telephone is becoming increasingly popular. You can connect them to each other either via a direct cord (USB), or via Bluetooth, and even High mobility and excellent speed made this connection at least convenient and interesting. But mobile operators do not want to reduce the price of this type of communication in any way. Disadvantage - expensive.

Today you can often find an Internet connection via cable television. You need a special modem and cable television. It is not difficult to find out whether you use cable networks. Press the remote control by channel. If there are more than twenty of them, then all that remains for you is to resolve the issue with your Internet provider.
The only drawback is the price of the modem, but purchase in installments is often offered. This connection is low, the speed is excellent. Errors in connecting to the Internet due to the fact that something is connected to the wrong place simply cannot happen. Turn it on and start working!

Have you ever come across the word “dedicated”? Most Internet users prefer this connection. It is provided thanks to a special device (twisted pair or “optics”, i.e. optical fiber). This wire connects your computer to the provider's (source) equipment. Maximum connection stability is guaranteed. High speed also ceases to be an unfulfilled dream. No noticeable deficiencies were identified. We insert the cord into the computer and automatically connect to the Internet.

There is often a situation when the provider does not have the ability to lay a cable to your home. But the methods of connecting to the Internet are not limited to the above. Wireless connectivity comes into play. Long range antennas are available for sale. They are capable of receiving/transmitting signals over a distance of up to 5 km. You just need to accurately point it at the access point. Disadvantages: high cost of equipment, the maximum possible line of sight between the antenna and the access point is required, the quality of communication depends on weather conditions, although this does not completely block the signal.

It is not difficult to allow yourself to freely use the Internet by purchasing GSM or CDMA. In appearance, this device looks like a small “flash drive”. Mobile network operators offer Internet connection services, and now even sell special modems separately. Inexpensive and very convenient!

There are also methods for accessing the Internet via satellites. Although not the most affordable, but extremely promising ways to connect to the Internet. Thus, you can access the Internet from absolutely anywhere on the planet, but prices for equipment have not yet decreased and not everyone can provide such a service. Automatic connection to the Internet, even from the wild desert, even from Isn’t that a dream?

It’s hard to imagine the modern world without the Internet. Thanks to various search engines on the Internet, you can find absolutely any information and spend your free time playing exciting games online. In addition, through the World Wide Web you can use services that make our lives easier, namely: food delivery, taxis, courier services and much more.

Today, the Internet has already become a part of the life of a modern person. Almost all business and entertainment are connected in one way or another with the Global Network. However, to ensure connection, several conditions must be met at once. The topic of our conversation today: "What is an Internet connection? Types of connection, their advantages and disadvantages."

Via cable

Currently, this type of connection is most widespread. To connect to cable Internet, you need to contact the provider that services your home. He will extend a wire into the apartment through which the signal will go. Usually twisted pair or optical fiber is used for this purpose. Let's consider the features of these options.

twisted pair

In this case, a copper cable is supplied to your apartment from a distribution cabinet installed in the entrance, which is then connected to a computer or router. According to this principle, connections are usually made in apartment buildings. In this case, it is enough to simply determine what type of connection is installed in your home. If a thin wire enters your apartment, and the connection speed is on average up to 100 Mbit/s, then most likely you are using twisted pair. If the speed is higher and the cable is thicker, you probably have a fiber-optic Internet connection. Connection types can also be determined by other characteristics.

Optics

If an optical connection is used, a cable is inserted into the apartment and connected to a special distribution cable installed in the house. This type of connection has one very important advantage. The speed in this case can reach 1 Gbit/s. Using an optical cable, you can connect to the World Wide Web and use TV and telephone services. In this case, there is no need to run three wires into the apartment at once: one cord will be responsible for all types of connections. Cable Internet can work with network protocols using two protocols: local and virtual.

The local network

The principle of a local protocol cable connection is that your provider assigns you a separate IP. The communication provider unites all PCs into one common network, where each address is controlled. This type of connection can also be subdivided based on the use of static or dynamic IP. The easiest way is to use a dynamic IP address. The settings are carried out directly by the Internet provider. The user does not need to adjust anything.

How do you know what type of connection you have? If you just connected a cable to your computer and the Internet started working, then you have a dynamic IP. When using a static IPOC, you will be prompted for additional login parameters. In terms of providing access to the Internet, the static option is more complex. The system will ask you to enter data before each session. You can request all the necessary information for connection from your provider.

For services that always request a static IP, this address is preferable. How can you determine in this case that the static option is being used? In most modern routers through which the Internet connection is made, connection types are detected automatically. If you have a cheap or old router, then your provider can provide you with all the necessary data. Our specialists will also help you understand your specific device model. Judging by the reviews, providers mostly connect their clients via a static IP address. Rostelecom is engaged in the widespread implementation of “statics”. This is due to the fact that such a connection facilitates the process of monitoring each specific user. As for the quality of the connection, everything is largely determined by the type of cable and user equipment.

Virtual network

VPN, or virtual private network, works on the principle of using encrypted protocols. Data exchange between the provider and the user's PC is encrypted, increasing security on the Internet. There are only two main types of VPN connections - PPTP and PPPoE. One of the most popular protocols is PPPoE. To connect to the Internet, you will need a username and password. The Windows operating system recognizes PPPoE as a high-speed connection with conditional dialing.

PPTP is not widely used because it requires the user to enter the ISP's server address. A special feature of PPTP is its encryption algorithm. Which wired Internet operators in our country use this protocol? The most popular provider that uses it is Beeline. Reviews about this type of connection are quite mixed. Many people are not satisfied with the changing speed of data flow, but for others it is not critical.

FTTB

At the time of writing this review, the most popular type of Internet connection is FTTB. When using this type of connection, wired Internet operators install a switch in the house that interacts with the provider's station using fiber optics. A twisted pair cable is pulled to the subscriber’s apartment, which is inserted into the router or directly into the PC. In terms of price/quality ratio, this type is optimal. Access speed can be up to 1 Gigabit per second.

Using combined connection types

What types of Internet connections are there? A combined connection combines several types at once. In this case, the virtual network will have priority. Static and dynamic IP addresses can be used as additional resources. The difference between these types is the method of entering data about the provider’s server: manual or automatic. In reality, this type of connection is used quite rarely. It is often used in office networks with a multi-level structure.

Connection via telephone line

Surely many remember the times when Internet access was provided through a telephone. Today, fiber optic technologies dominate. However, to this day there are territories where, for a number of reasons, it is impossible to extend an expensive cable. In this case, having a home phone helps a lot. You can connect to the Internet via Dial-Up or ADSL. The latter allows you to work at low speeds of about 10 Megabits. This is enough to complete most tasks. To fully work with this technology, you will need a telephone cable and a modem. At the same time, if you want both your phone and the Network to work, you need to use a splitter. He is responsible for branching cables to the telephone and computer.

Internet access via Dial-Up connection can already be called a relic of the past. With this technology, the phone line will be busy if you are surfing the Internet. The connection speed will be only 56 Kbps. Today this is no longer enough. Despite all the shortcomings of this technology, there are simply no other options left in hard-to-reach areas. Judging by user reviews, when using this type of connection, even watching a video on YouTube becomes a problem.

Satellite Internet

Many people today are interested in how to connect the Internet via a satellite dish. Currently, this is one of the most expensive types of connection. However, you can install the plate almost anywhere. The main requirement is good visibility of the satellite. For most large operators this is not a problem.

A satellite dish is the optimal answer to the question: “Which Internet is better for a private home?” With the help of a satellite dish, you can easily access the Internet even in the wilderness, where there are no communications. Many people probably know on what principle satellite television works. The Internet through this device works according to the same scheme, the only difference is that a transmitter is additionally placed on the dish. This is necessary in order to ensure two-way exchange of information. Such a channel operates at a speed of several tens of megabits. The main disadvantage characteristic of this type of connection is the high price of equipment and maintenance. Tariffs for such Internet are simply exorbitant.

WiFi

Many people are probably familiar with Wi-Fi protocols and know first-hand what a wireless connection is. As a rule, Wi-Fi covers areas that are difficult to reach with cable connections. This type of connection is often used in cottage villages.

To provide Internet access, the provider installs base stations. They cover a network of approximately 5-10 square kilometers. To connect to the Internet, the user needs to use a receiver. If the client is located at a considerable distance from the station, he can use a special antenna that amplifies the signal.

A built-in Wi-Fi module is found on most modern electronic devices today. To connect them to the Network, you just need to select the correct position from the list and enter the password. This is why many clients today are trying to establish an Internet connection through a Wi-Fi router.

In addition, today some providers are trying to promote WiMAX technology. It is easily scalable and easy to deploy, but has not yet been widely adopted.

Conclusion

The Internet today has covered almost the entire globe. However, connecting it is not so easy. To gain access to the Network, you will have to use the services of one of the providers. Residents of large cities can choose from several connection options. In small towns or villages, as a rule, it is possible to connect to only one, maximum two providers. In this case, you can try to install the Internet via a satellite dish.

This review outlined the basic principles by which an Internet connection is made. Connection types were considered, indicating all the advantages and disadvantages. Which option to choose - decide for yourself. Don't just decide which type of connection suits you best. The financial component is also important.

Internet access methods

The following methods of accessing the Internet are currently known:

Dial-Up(when the user’s computer connects to the provider’s server using a telephone) – dial-up access over an analog telephone network, data transfer speeds up to 56 Kbps.

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)- a family of digital subscriber lines designed to provide access via an analog telephone network using a cable modem. This technology (ADSL, VDSL, HDSL, ISDL, SDSL, SHDSL, RADSL, collectively called xDSL) provides high-speed connections up to 50 Mbit/s (actual speed up to 2 Mbit/s). The main advantage of xDSL technologies is the ability to significantly increase the speed of data transmission over telephone wires without upgrading the subscriber telephone line. The user gains access to the Internet while maintaining normal telephone communication;

ISDN - dial-up access over a digital telephone network. The main feature of using ISDN is the high speed of information transfer, compared to Dial-Up access. The data transfer rate is 64 Kbit/s when using one and 128 Kbit/s when using two communication channels;

Internet access via dedicated lines(analog and digital). Leased line access is a method of connecting to the Internet when the user’s computer is connected to the provider’s server using a cable (twisted pair) and this connection is permanent, i.e. non-switched, and this is the main difference from regular telephone communication. Data transfer speed up to 100 Mbit/s.

Internet access via local network (Fast Ethernet). The connection is made using a network card (10/100 Mbit/s) with data transfer speeds of up to 1 Gbit/s on the backbone sections and 100 Mbit/s for the end user. To connect the user's computer to the Internet, a separate cable (twisted pair) is supplied to the apartment, while the telephone line is always free.

Satellite Internet access or satellite Internet (DirecPC, Europe Online). There are two types of satellite Internet access - asymmetric and symmetric:

The exchange of data between the user’s computer and the satellite is two-way;

Requests from the user are transmitted to the satellite operator's server through any available terrestrial connection, and the server transmits data to the user from the satellite. The maximum data reception speed is up to 52.5 Mbit/s (real average speed is up to 3 Mbit/s).

Internet access using cable television channels, data reception speed from 2 to 56 Mb/sec. Cable Internet (“coax at a home”). Currently, two data transmission architectures are known: symmetric and asymmetric architectures. In addition, there are two connection methods: a) a cable modem is installed separately in each user’s apartment; b) the cable modem is installed in a house where several Internet service users live. To connect users to a common cable modem, a local network is used and Ethernet equipment is installed common to all.
Last mile wireless technologies:

RadioEthernet, Mobile GPRS Internet

WiFi (Wireless Fidelity - accurate data transmission without wires) is a technology for broadband access to the Internet. The information transfer speed for the end subscriber can reach 54 Mbit/s. Their range of action does not exceed 50 - 70 meters. Wireless access points are used within an apartment or in public places in large cities. Having a laptop or pocket personal computer with a Wi-Fi controller, visitors to a cafe or restaurant (within the Wi-Fi coverage area) can quickly connect to the Internet.

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), similar to WiFi - broadband Internet access technology. WiMAX, unlike traditional radio access technologies, also operates on a reflected signal, outside the line of sight of the base station. Experts believe that mobile WiMAX networks open up much more interesting prospects for users than fixed WiMAX intended for corporate customers. Information can be transmitted over distances of up to 50 km at speeds of up to 70 Mbit/s.

RadioEthernet is a broadband Internet access technology that provides data transfer speeds from 1 to 11 Mbit/s, which is shared among all active users. For the RadioEthernet channel to operate, direct visibility between the antennas of the subscriber points is required. Range up to 30 km.

MMDS (Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System). These systems are capable of serving an area within a radius of 50-60 km, while direct visibility of the operator’s transmitter is not necessary. The average guaranteed data transfer rate is 500 Kbps - 1 Mbps, but up to 56 Mbps per channel can be provided.

LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution System) is a standard for cellular networks for wireless information transmission for fixed subscribers. The system is built on a cellular principle; one base station allows you to cover an area with a radius of several kilometers (up to 10 km) and connect several thousand subscribers. The BSs themselves are connected to each other by high-speed terrestrial communication channels or radio channels (RadioEthernet). Data transfer speed up to 45 Mbit/s.

Mobile GPRS – Internet. To use the Mobile Internet service using GPRS technology, you must have a telephone with a built-in GPRS modem and a computer. GPRS technology provides data transfer speeds of up to 114 Kbps. When using GPRS technology, it is not the time of connection to the Internet that is charged, but the total volume of information transmitted and received. You will be able to view HTML pages, download files, work with email and any other Internet resources.

Mobile CDMA - Internet. The CDMA standard network provides landline and mobile communications, as well as high-speed mobile Internet. To use the Mobile Internet service using CDMA technology, you must have a telephone with a built-in CDMA modem or a CDMA modem and a computer. CDMA technology provides data transfer speeds of up to 153 Kbps or up to 2400 Kbps - using EV-DO Revision 0 technology. EV-DO Revision A technologies will allow subscribers to receive mobile Internet access at a speed of 3.1 Mbps.

In general, the Internet exchanges information between any two computers (PCs) connected to the network, which are often called Internet nodes or sites.(site – location).

There are two concepts used on the Internet: address And protocol.

Protocol– these are the rules of Interaction – the language of communication on the Internet. There are several layers of protocols that interact with each other. At the lower level, two main protocols are used: IP – internet protocol and TCP – transmission control protocol. They are united under the same name TCP/IP. All other protocols are based on TCP/IP.

When transmitting information, the TCP protocol breaks information into portions (packets) and numbers all portions. Further, with the IP protocol, all packets are transmitted gradually. After receiving all the parts (packets), TCP places them in the right order and assembles them into a single whole.

Hardware The component is represented by computers of different models and systems, communication lines. All components operate in a single network, both permanently and temporarily. Physical failure or temporary shutdown of individual sections of the Network does not affect the functioning of the entire Network.

Program component. Coordinated and joint operation of technically incompatible equipment is achieved thanks to programs running on PCs included in the Network. They allow you to transform data so that it can be transmitted over any communication channels and reproduced on any computer (PC). Programs have many functions: storing information, searching it, collecting and reproducing it, they ensure interoperability of all components of the Network.

Informational the component is represented by network documentation of the following types: text, graphic, sound, video (recordings) and can be distributed: text can come from some sources, sound from others, graphics from others. A certain information space is formed, consisting of hundreds of millions of interconnected documents. It looks like a spider's web.

The difference between the physical space of the Internet and the virtual information space of documents is manifested in different addressing systems. Every computer on the Internet has an address of four blocks, for example 193.29.137.31. This address is called an IP address. Computers on the Network on a permanent basis have a permanent IP address, on a variable basis - a temporary IP address for the duration of a given session, a dynamic IP address.

URLs (Uniform Resource Locator) are used for the information space. Each Internet user has his own unique URL, for example, the address of the “Teacher's Newspaper” http://www.ug.ru

Internet addressing

In order for the IP protocol to deliver packets to their destination, you must specify the address of the computer to which the data is intended. All computers connected to the Internet have unique addresses consisting of four integers, each of which does not exceed 256. When written, the numbers are separated from each other by dots, for example, 195.34.93.10 or 200.5.79.175. These are the addresses that are added to packets when sent over the network. While digital addresses are easy for computers to use, people find it easier to work with names. On the Internet, along with digital addresses, symbolic addressing is used. In this case, the conversion of a symbolic address to a digital one occurs automatically.

The postal address always contains the symbol @ , and the site address never contains this character. Attempting to send mail to an address ivan.cornpany.ru or go to the address [email protected] will cause an error.

Sign @ often called a "dog", although its correct name is "commercial at". Word at pronounced "et" and translated from English as the preposition "in". That is, the email address [email protected] means that the mailbox with the name myname located at the post office company.com. It can be difficult to master all the Internet addressing options at once. However, as you study the programs and surf the Internet, you will get used to the existing system and it will seem extremely simple to you. Plus, in most cases you won't have to manually enter addresses, you'll just click and load the page you want or select an email recipient.

Internet resources

On the Internet, the three components correspond to the following types of resources: hardware, software and information.

Hardware resources

Hardware resources are represented by backbone networks (Figure 12.9). By connecting to the Network, we actually use the hardware resources of the computer that provides this connection, the exploited physical resources of the communication lines. When overloaded, the data encoding time slows down, i.e. Each person makes the work of other Network participants more difficult.

Figure 12.9 Central European reference
Internet network

And today we will look at devices with which we can access the Internet.

Methods for connecting to the Internet

First, let's look at the most common ways to connect to the Internet:

1. Local computer network or Ethernet(sometimes called fixed Internet access);

2. Via telephone line(ADSL and Dial-Up);

3. Mobile access(GPRS, EDGE, 3G);

4. Via cable TV(DOCSIS).

Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Conclusion

In this lesson we looked at the main devices for connecting to the Internet. I didn’t touch on satellite Internet and other, more exotic options, so as not to overload you with specific information (it’s a big lesson anyway).

If there are any unclear points or additional questions, write in the comments, we will try to figure it out.

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